Abstract: Let $X$ be a topological space with an action of a topological group $G$. We want to relate to $X$ an algebraic object that reflects both the topology and the action of the group. The first candidate is the cohomology ring $H^*(X/G)$: however, if the action is not free, the space $X/G$ may have some pathology. The Borel construction allows to replace $X$ by a topological space $X'$ which is homotopically equivalent to $X'$ and the action of $G$ on $X'$ is free.